What is it about?Diabetes is a chronic disease from the endocrine group.In all patients, the incorrect absorption of glucose occurs, resulting in insulin hormone deficiency, which may be relative or absolute.
What should the food be?A balanced diet, including a large amount of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low proteins and healthy fats, can help people with diabetes control blood sugar levels.
General power rules for diabetes
Today, the incidence of diabetes is one of the most urgent issues in medicine.Statistics show that since 2013, the number of diagnosed patients has doubled.Currently, more than 425 million people suffer from him.Forecast, alas, is sad.Maybe after 10-12 years, the number of patients in the world will be 629 million.
Diabetes is a chronic disease from the endocrine group.In all patients, the incorrect absorption of glucose occurs, resulting in insulin hormone deficiency, which may be relative or absolute.
Therefore, patients with hyperglycemia, characterized by persistent high blood sugar.Diabetes leads to violations of each type of metabolism, namely carbohydrates, fat, protein, minerals and salt.
It is worth noting that the reasons for the disease developed.When a person is destroyed or the pancreatic cell destroys it, type 1 diabetes begin to progress.Usually, in such a situation, the absolute insulin deficiency occurs.Genetics can also play a role here, as well as different external factors - food habits, viral diseases, violation of hygienic principles, etc.
With the second type diabetes, insulin resistance develops.In this type, insulin deficiency is relative.It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia.
Regardless of the disease, all patients have an increase in blood sugar.Carbohydrate cells due to their glucose resistance.That is, glucose, instead of going into the barn, swim only in the blood.
Each patient with diabetes should follow a diet as prescribed by the doctor.Patients need to reduce carbohydrate load from 5-7 %, the amount of fat used should be increased.
Not long ago, the power supply for diabetes means completely eliminating simple carbohydrates.But today, the patient's diet is compiled individually, calculated by Kbzhu.From diabetics, you can often hear the following phrases: "With diabetes, there is no strict ban, only a healthy lifestyle."
The basis for a diet is a glycemic index that shows the speed of sugar.
A high glycemic index has a simple high carbohydrate content.They include confectionery, jam, cookies, etc. That is, the sugar is absorbed from them from them quickly.Croats, vegetables and fruits have low index, corresponding, suction speed when they use them decreases.This makes it easier for you to deal with the load.
Important:The patient's diet should include products, glycemic index below 55. Your separation occurs gradually and the actual blood sugar level does not increase.
Each product has its own insulin.This index shows how much insulin will increase after eating.The value must be taken into account by each patient with diabetes to predict the body's reaction to the use of a specific food, as well as accurately calculating insulin dose as a drug, short and prolonged.Injecting drugs is indicated by the doctor after eating.
In fact, the patient is eaten, meals in all cases will come when releasing insulin.The development of insulin resistance is often determined by the number of comparison -classified by insulin swings.The more there is, the higher the probability of resistance.The second time, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. Let us give an example.
Many of us tend to believe that fermented milk and dairy products, such as cheese, kefir, yogurt, are perfect snacks.In fact, all these products have very high insulin.Therefore, the use of them ties the change of the swing itself leading to a change in the patient's emotional foundation, poor mood and discomfort.
Below we will analyze the basis of nutrition for diabetes.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
The appropriate balanced diet in type 1 diabetes opens the following capabilities: to reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack and complications, maintain normal blood sugar levels, increase the protective mechanism of the immune system and eliminate excess weight.According to the diet proposed by the doctor attending, the patient will feel good.
The main rule is to control the level of glucose in the blood, which should vary in the range from 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/L.The basic principles of nutrition are as follows:
- More than 2 thousand kilocalories should not be consumed daily.
- Fraction power, in small parts.At least 5 meals a day.
- There should be no pure sucrose in the diet, which will maintain normal glucose levels.
- Most carbohydrates should be in the first half of the day.
- Avoid late meals.
- The maximum elimination of simple carbohydrates contained in baking, jam, confectionery and honey.
- Use a sucrine.Stevia is perfect here.It is important to prioritize products with natural ingredients.
- Building a chart of insulin therapy over time of food.Prolonged drugs are used before meals, a short - after.
- Keep the accounting of bread units.The value of each receiving should not be higher than 8 units of bread.
If the patient has a history of gastrointestinal diseases, it should be excluded from the diet, smoked, fat (including buns), coffee, soda, alcohol, mushrooms, canned products.In other words, one should not use what contributes to the enzyme too much, as they affect the speed of carbohydrate absorption.
For diabetics, the products are divided into permission and banned.The classification below must be taken into account when translating the menu weekly.A competent approach will normalize blood glucose levels.Ignoring the recommendations of nutrition experts can lead to sad consequences.
Products conducted for diabetes type 1:
- Bake prepared without yeast.For example, Lavash.
- Berries and fruits.For example, plums, cherries, citrus fruits, apples, pears.
- Soybean products (tofu, milk).
- Cereals and cereals (barley, oatmeal, buckwheat).
- Vegetarian soup, including soup-puree.
- Drinks, including poor mineral water, mousses from berries, unsweetened compotes.
- Vegetable.For example, onions, zucchini, pepper, radish, carrots.
- Seed.
- Nick -fed coffee, tea without sugar.
Products banned for diabetes type 1:
- Fatty soup and broth.
- Macaroni.
- Cake.
- Confectionery.
- Sweets and chocolate.
- Fast food, products sold.
- Ale.A special ban is red dessert wine.
- Smoking, sharp, strong salt.
- Fat meat, especially pork, lamb, duck.
- Fatty fish.For example, mackerel.
It is important that the products in the diet have a minimum processing level during the preparation process.
Eat vegetables and fruits, but in stew, boiled or grilled - it is also allowed.Fried foods are not recommended by doctors.
If the patient plays sports, then during the strong load, the food can be adjusted, because the training leads to larger carbohydrate consumption.
In order to avoid coma on hyperglycemia, patients in the recommended diet include vegetable products, reducing blood sugar.It may be, for example, a blueberry color or rose tea.
Important:With the presence of a disease, patients should comply with the personal diet according to the doctor's regulations, and not a common recommendation.If in an insulin patient, the body mass index shows obesity, its daily calories must be from 1200 to 1400 kcal.If there is no need to adjust the weight, the daily calorie speed increases.
Diet Type 2
Power source for type 2 diabetes based on the following facilities:
- -Substitutes sugar is an alternative to refined carbohydrates.
- Proteins should be 20 % of the diet, fats - 30 %, carbohydrates - 50 %.
- Consumption of animal fats should be reduced to 50 %.
The daily calorie rate depends on the amount of energy the patient spends during the day, as well as his weight.It is necessary that during the day there are 5 meals, dishes that are cooked or served boiled.
Because diabetics have increased kidney sensitivity, you cannot overdo it with protein products.The diet must include products that help improve fat metabolism.They include bran, rose flower, vegetable oil, cereals, fermented dairy products.
To understand how effective diet, patients are prescribed blood sugar testing with certain frequency.The first barrier was created when hungry, followed by two hours.If the result is different from normal indicators, the doctor adjusts the patient's diet and also changes the dosage of the drug.
Diet for type 2 diabetes is not very different from the eating habits of people who adhere to a healthy lifestyle.Both eat small portions but often.The recommended number of meals per day is 5, including 3 main meals, each equivalent to 5-8 units of bread and 2 snacks, equivalent to 1-2 units of bread.
Breakfast cannot be missed;It is important for a balanced diet.You need to eat at least every 4 hours, the last meal is not later than an hour and a half before going to bed.Following these recommendations is a great way to prevent cardiovascular diseases, eye damage (retinopathy), kidney damage (kidney disease) and nervous system (neuropathy).
Healthy food for diabetes
ginger
Ginger has a positive impact on the metabolism, normalizing the patient's blood sugar and improves blood clotting.It is encouraged to use it daily.
Whole grains
Foods like whole bread, quinoa seeds and brown rice prevent the development of diabetes.The normalization of blood sugar due to consumption they can be explained by sufficient fiber in their composition.Because whole grains create a sudden increase in the amount of sugar, if you especially want to eat something with a high glycemic index, you should definitely add complex carbohydrates to the dish.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon helps improve the sensitivity of cells with insulin.This spice participates in the regulation on insulin level.In addition, it normates blood pressure, so it should be used not only for diabetics, but also hypertension.
Citrus
Any citrus has antioxidants.They also normalize insulin levels.
Seed
Nuts contain large amounts of monounsaturated fat and magnesium.Statistics show that patients with diabetes regularly eat less nuts than others from glucose dance.
Olive oil
The use of olive oil is an excellent prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system.In addition, the product regulates the level of glucose in the blood.
Fish
Fish is the source of omega-3.These fatty acids must be a mandatory component of nutrition in diabetes.They synthesize red blood cells, as well as cell membranes, positively affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals to the body, reduce inflammation and prevent the growth of insulin resistance.
bean
Beans are a patient's blood sugar stabilizer.They almost contain unsaturated fat, harmful to the cardiovascular system.
Green leafy
Lettuce, spinach and all kinds of cabbage are nutritious platforms for diabetes.Such products have low calories but they also contain enough useful substances.The second type includes vitamin C, beta-carotene and magnesium.These factors prevent the development of type 2 to 14%.The recommended dosage is 106 grams per day.
Food is banned for diabetes
Today, doctors think that it is not necessary to strictly limit the diet of diabetics.Patients can afford to eat delicious and diverse foods, but there are some foods that are still encouraged to abstain, not only for diabetics but also for all healthy lifestyle supporters.
Some fruits
Some fruits and dried fruits can increase blood sugar.They include dried apricots, rubs, figs, raisins, pink, melon, grapes, bananas.
Trans fats
The dishes in the fast food menu, as well as vegetable butter and confectionery, are rich in metabolites.They are not only harmful to health but also your physique.
Completed products
The sold products are prepared by using additives such as flavoring, stabilizers, flavor amplifiers.It is especially not recommended to buy fish sticks, cutlery, meatballs, sausages, dumplings and sausages in the stores.If you really want, it is better to cook them yourself.
Fat Food
Fatty food stimulates blood sugar.Power source for diabetes should not include ducks, pork, lamb, pork fat, mayonnaise and fat dairy products.
Cake
Grilled asso should also be excluded.It includes bread products, foam and biscuits.
Sweet
It is necessary to give up the sugar in its pure form, as well as from products that contain it in large quantities.Under the ban: ice cream, milk chocolate, Marmalade, Halva, jam, jam and other sweets.
Table 9 for diabetes
In the first quarter of the twentieth century, 15 diets for diabetics and patients with other diseases were developed.Their copyright belongs to a famous nutritionist.Despite the fact that his system is outdated today, it is still ineffective, so many doctors still use it today.
A place for patients with type 2 diabetes - out of 9 goals.Table 9 is based on similar principles used today: Refuse partly or completely fast carbohydrates, paying special attention to protein and fiber.
The diet can still be used, although it has been created more than 100 years ago, but the endocrinologists adjust itself, depending on the patient's condition.
Diet for gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes results from a malformation of a pregnant woman's pancreas.As a rule, this condition is very easy to control.The main rule is to eat sensibly.
- Do not consume sugar, cakes, cakes, sdoba, fruits with high sugar content, as well as products and products that contain it.
- BJU should have the following ratio - 30 %, 20 %, 50 %.
- Need to drink daily from 1.5 to 2 liters of clean water.
- Including starch products in the diet, including cereals, beans, battle, sugar, radish, as well as fermented dairy products.
- Fresh fruits are perfect for a snack.
- The total number of meals is 5, of which 3 main meals and 2 snacks.
- Do not ignore the use of vitamin complexes for future mothers.
- To reduce sugar, take decoctions from plants: celery, linden, lilacs, blueberries and beans.
- Refuse or restricting caffeine in diet.The number of tea and coffee must not exceed 2 daily.
Diabetes in children
The main causes of the development of diabetes in children are a genetic or lack of nutrition.In the following case, we are talking about simple and sweet carbohydrate abuse.In some cases, diabetes in a child appears due to mental or physical injury.Treatment is selected individually depending on the severity of the disease, the main role is played by nutrition and introducing insulin, if we are talking about type 1 diabetes.
Nutrition of children with diabetes must include vegetables: cabbage, onions, spinach and garlic.There are fruits, but only those containing minimum sugar.Meat, meat and low fish are also allowed.Dairy products - provided, provided that they have low fat rates.Spices that allow to enhance protein absorption are acceptable.
Sweet confectionery and fruit - under strict ban.Rice is also proposed to eliminate.
Doctors participate in teaching parents of their small patients to calculate the number of bread units and insulin dosage.Important: The sooner the child learns how to do it on his own.
Alcohol for diabetes
Alcohol is recommended strictly restricted if it is not possible to completely give up the use.Patients with diabetes can cause how much alcohol due to the patient was determined by the doctor.
Alcohol in small amounts is allowed, but here is important to remember some things.
The stronger the wine, the more calories in it.There are 710 kilocalories per 100 grams of pure wine, and this is much less than fat.Any wine drink is energy value, it also has carbohydrates.A glass of beer is about 200 kilocalories, and a glass of wine is about 100.
Why should not drink alcohol?The problem is that it causes sugar jumps and can lead to hypoglycemia, which means reducing strong glucose concentration.When drinking alcohol, alcohol into the liver, the organ spends the decomposition of alcohol molecules and forgetting that it also needs to release glucose.To prevent this from happening, it is better to drink alcohol during meals or immediately after eating.
By the way, some scientists believe that alcohol in a reasonable number is not only harmful, but also has little benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes.
It is important to remember that alcohol causes the growth of glucose concentration, its regular use can lead to the development of diabetes in the second type.
In addition, many drugs cannot be combined with alcohol.Among them are insulin and sulfonylmochevina.This combination can cause strong hyperglycemia.
How to drink alcohol with diabetes?
- Consider the calorie content of alcohol along with conventional diet.
- Give priority to low -Calorie drinks including few calories.
- Do not drink when hungry.
- Eat alcohol.
- Control the level of glucose in the blood.
- In a company where you drink alcohol, warn about your disease.Let people be ready to provide emergency support if necessary.
- Do not mix alcohol and medicine.